超声速状态下航空发动机部件蜕化参数估计与性能恢复控制

为解决超声速状态下航空发动机部件蜕化参数估计与性能恢复控制的难题，基于改进卡尔曼滤波器，通过一种三维插值方法实现超声速状态包线范围内的发动机部件蜕化参数估计。而航空发动机性能恢复控制是在常规内环控制转速的基础上增加了外环控制回路，该回路主要包括推力估计模型与外环控制器两部分。基于最小二乘支持向量回归机设计了一种推力估计模型，其输入采用特征选择算法筛选推力估计模型的最优输入，相比于传统的不经选择的推力估计模型，精度有较大提高。设计了外环模糊PI（Proportional integral）控制器自适应调节内环转速指令来实现蜕化发动机性能恢复的目的。最后通过超声速状态下的数字仿真，验证了上述发动机部件蜕化参数估计与性能恢复控制方案的有效性。      

多段翼混合边界层改变对流场的影响研究

前缘缝翼尾流与主翼边界层混合的改变对主翼气动力具有重要影响.利用数值模拟手段,通过在前缘缝翼尾缘添加一定动量系数的喷流,改变前缘缝翼尾缘的尾流,进而改变尾流与主翼边界层的混合状况.求解二维多段翼模型30P30N在各个不同喷流条件下的二维非定常流场,结果表明:提高前缘缝翼尾缘喷流的动量系数,将使前缘缝翼尾流和主翼边界层混合开始点后移,提高主翼上表面负压峰值和主翼升力;混合开始点对主翼的负压峰值及升力均有一定的影响;增大来流攻角会抑制前缘缝翼尾流和主翼边界层的混合.     

火花放电合成射流与超声速来流相互干扰特性数值模拟研究

为了指导火花放电式合成射流激励器在超声速流动控制中的应用,数值模拟研究了火花放电合成射流与超声速来流的相互干扰特性。研究表明火花放电式合成射流在超声速流场中产生强烈扰动,产生较强的激波结构;随着射流的喷出,激励器上游分离区和流场中激波呈先增强后减弱的趋势,激波由弓形激波逐渐弱化为斜激波,并且随着放电能量的增加射流与主流的动量通量比不断增大,射流的干扰和控制能力显著增强。由于超声速流的较大惯性及其对腔内气体的引射作用,激励器的腔体回填速率大幅下降、回填时间明显增长,使得激励器的工作频率受到很大限制。     

Effects of synthetic jet frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct

Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effects of synthetic jet actuation frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct. The Reynolds number based on the entrance height was 9.78×105. At first, the numerical model was validated with experimental data, and then, the interaction between the separated flow and the synthetic jets at different frequencies was discussed. The results demonstrate that the control effect is significantly dependent on the momentum mixing enhancement between inside of the separated boundary layer and the outer flow. There exists a narrow range of actuation frequency, in which effective separation control can be achieved using synthetic jets. A dimensionless frequency F+=1.0 is identified as the optimal frequency, with a momentum coefficient of 1.62×10-3, the separation area is reduced about 46%, and the aerodynamic performance of the S-duct is also greatly improved compared to uncontrolled case. Further analysis reveals that the choice of actuation frequency is mainly determined by the momentum flux produced by a single ejection and the spacing between adjacent ejections, the optimal frequency case can be understood as a balance between the two factors. In addition, it is found that the synthetic jets can also suppress the secondary flows while decreasing the separation.      

多喷嘴构型的轴对称氢氧加热器设计与仿真

为了使氢氧燃烧加热器满足自由射流试验台工作需要并获得均匀的出口气流参数,采用同轴剪切式7个喷嘴轴对称构型喷注器,利用CFD仿真软件对其进行了三维反应流场计算,燃烧模型采用氢氧单步反应模型,获得了设计工况下的参数.计算结果表明:燃烧效率随着中心喷嘴与外围喷嘴距离L与喷注面板半径R之比(L/R)的增大先上升后下降;喷注面板的温度随着L/R的增大而降低,最终维持在600K左右;加热器出口的氧气摩尔分数以及总温的均匀性基本不随着L/R变化而变化;出口主流区的马赫数在6左右满足设计要求.在各个喷嘴的影响区域大致相等时,加热器综合性能良好.氢氧速度比越大,完全燃烧所需区域越短,喷注面板温度越高.与单喷嘴、19个喷嘴的加热器比较发现7个喷嘴的构型较为合理.      

煤基喷气燃料在地面单管燃烧室内燃烧和排放特性研究

为研究煤基喷气燃料的燃烧和排放特性,通过改造的单管燃烧室评估了煤基喷气燃料和石油基RP-3喷气燃料的燃烧和排放特性差异.试验结果表明:煤基喷气燃料具有更加优异的贫油点火和贫油熄火性能,两种喷气燃料的燃烧和排放特性随燃油流量和燃烧室出口温度的改变呈现出一致的变化趋势,在相同质量流量下,煤基喷气燃料的燃烧和排放性能要低于RP-3,在相同燃烧室出口温度时,煤基喷气燃料燃烧时的壁温要低于RP-3.      

煤基喷气燃料代用组分神经网络混合构建方法

为了建立航空燃料的喷雾模型,用于高保真液雾燃烧数值模拟,提出了基于人工神经网络混合模型的煤基喷气燃料代用组分构建方法.基于这一构建方法,重点针对煤基喷气燃料的雾化特性,利用多组分混合燃料的理化性质数据库对神经网络进行训练,获得了混合燃料理化性质隐式预测模型,结合随机投点优化方法,构建出能够很好地模拟煤基喷气燃料目标理化性质的代用组分.结果表明:该代用组分包含了5种碳氢化合物成分,摩尔分数为11.46%正癸烷、23.29%正十二烷、49.87%正十四烷、6.66%异辛烷和8.72%甲基环己烷.通过雾化特性实验,验证了代用组分对真实燃料雾化性能的模拟效果.该代用组分构建方法可以较好地解决混合燃料模拟过程中的非线性问题,通过改变目标理化性质可构建出相应代用组分.      

Design and implementation of rigid-flexible coupling for a half-flexible single jack nozzle

The aerodynamic design of a rigid-flexible coupling profile is the decisive factor for the flow-field quality of a supersonic free jet wind tunnel nozzle, and its mechanic dynamic features are the key for engineering implementation of continuous Mach number regulations. To fulfill the requirements of a free jet inlet/engine compatibility test within a wide simulation envelop, both uni-form flow-fields of continuous acceleration and deceleration are necessary. In this paper, the aero-dynamic design methods of an expansion wall and machinery implementation plan for the half-flexible single jack nozzle were researched. The profile control in nozzle flexible plate design was studied with a rigid-flexible coupling method. Design and calculations were performed with the help of numerical simulation. The technique of axial free stretching of the flexible plate was used to improve the matching performance between the designed elasticity profile and the theoretical one, and the rigid-flexible coupling structure was calibrated by wind tunnel tests. Results indicate that the flexible plate aerodynamic design method used here is effective and feasible. Via rigid-flexible coupling design, the flexible plate agrees with the rigid body very well, and continuous Mach number changes can be achieved during the tests. The nozzle’s exit flow-field uniformity meets the requirements of China Military Standard (GJB).     

基于OpenFOAM的真实流体模型库及均相求解器开发

为了正确认识高压环境下的流体非理想性特征,及其对于低温射流喷雾过程的影响作用,将多种不同真实流体模型写入到开源CFD程序OpenFOAM仿真平台中,编译形成具有广泛通用性的真实流体热物理模型库;并将高压下真实流体特征的影响引入到压力修正算法中;开发出适用于描述超临界环境下低温流体流动过程的均相求解器。对高压下流体热物理性质的非理想性,以及超临界环境下的低温液氮射流喷注过程进行研究。结果表明:高压下的真实流体效应主要体现在低温区域,本文所建立的模型库可以在任意热力学状态范围内正确预测流体热物性;基于此模型库所开发的均相求解器可正确预测超临界环境下低温射流的详细流动特征和结构,而理想气体模型则会大幅低估射流核心区密度分布,中心线上误差高达68.9%;综合考虑计算精度和效率,PR EoS及相关模型更适合于这类超临界流动问题的求解;低温射流跨临界喷注中局部区域所发生的虚假沸腾现象会导致射流温升速率降低、体积膨胀速率加快;射流核心区压缩因子明显1,在数值仿真时必须考虑高压环境下的真实流体效应。     

预燃式等离子体射流点火器工作特性实验研究

为解决发动机点火包线小于飞行包线的实际问题,提供等离子体点火技术在航空发动机中的工程应用新思路,论文设计了一种预燃式等离子体射流点火器,实验研究了放电特性和射流特性。结果表明,预燃式等离子体射流点火器与空气等离子体射流点火器相比,在提升射流能量降低电源功率方面有着较大的优势,电流相同时通入甲烷在较大流量时可减小驱动电源功率,总流量为44L/min时,减幅可达14.99%;同时预燃式等离子体射流较空气等离子体射流稳定,且射流长度增加,扩大了点火面积,有利于点火。